Jack: Almost the Hero of Lord of the Flies Essay

Jack, leader of a group of choirboys and ultimately chief of the hunters, is Ralph’s principal antagonist. Described as having a full head of red hair, wearing a black cloak and bullying his way through the boys, his role as a villain is fairly clear from the beginning. Jack is destined to be the primary cause of destruction on the island; however, he is not presented as a one-dimensional monster. Golding forges a more complex and subsequently more credible character than that. Jack does, for instance, feel some regrets for the blood on his hands. But before long he represses and noble instincts and embraces a life of savagery. He makes the psychological break symbolically when he baptizes himself with the blood of a slaughtered pig. With the exception of Ralph, Piggy, and a few others, he eventually lures the other boys to follow him in a life consecrated in blood, a life which will lead them to multiple murders. Abstractly, Jack represents the bestial instinct of the human being unrestrained by any rational Control. Jack is a devil because of the savage ways he acts like the red hair, painted faces, the savage pig hunts, the rituals, sacrifices, and the terrorist acts. Jack is evil because of him being always murderous. He is always wanting to hunt things and not care what happens to the animal. Once he gets incharge of his own group he paints his face and his red hair make him look like the devil. He uses threating comments to get other people join his group. And he goes on savage acts like going and beating up Ralph and Piggy for Piggy’s glasses. Jack is always bulling his way through all the boys like he forces Piggy to give him Piggy’s glasses. Jack is evil like when he sees that it is beginning to get dark and he unexpectedly orders the tribe to do its dance. All the boys leap up and step wildly around the blazing fire, waving their weapons. They intone a bloodcurdling chant and become wilder and wilder. That’s some of the savagery that Jack does in this book. Jack is like the devil because of the savage things that he does and the nasty ways that he treats people like Piggy. That is what I would think that is why Jack is like the devil†¦.

Descartes Meditation 1 Summary Essay

In his first meditation, Descartes embarks on a journey to ensure that all his beliefs are true. He deems that he must rid himself of all false knowledge in order to obtain any true knowledge. Descartes decides to doubt everything he has previously held to be true. He will rely on his reasoning ability to rebuild his own knowledge, beginning with things of which he is completely certain. He states, â€Å"But reason now persuades me that I should withhold my assent no less carefully from opinions that are not completely certain and indubitable than I would from those that are patently false,† (18). Descartes refuses to accept anything that is possible to doubt. His reason for doing so is because he truly believes that this is the only way to discover the possible existence of something that cannot be doubted. While the text is at times muddled, Descartes does use a method in his attempt to acquire knowledge. He starts by defining everything he could possibly doubt. He presents the argument of sensory deception. In his life, the things he has accepted as true are things he has learned through his senses. In this meditation, he rejects knowledge that which he has learned through his senses because he claims that the senses can often deceive. But, while the senses are deceitful in some cases, Descartes claims that there are certain things learned through the senses that would be crazy to doubt. For example, he simply describes what he is wearing and what he is doing at the time he is writing the meditation. He uses his senses in order to write this description, and he claims that he would have to be insane to doubt what he is saying (19). Descartes then goes on to present a second argument, about dreams. He claims that there is the possibility that he is dreaming. He compares the perceptions we have in our dreams to those we have when we are awake. They are essentially the same. He concludes that there is no definitive way to distinguish being awake from being asleep. However, he still maintains that there are certain things that would be foolish to doubt. He considers several of his a priori beliefs as potentially containing doubt. For example, he casts some of his basic knowledge of mathematics into doubt. He states, â€Å"For whether I am awake or asleep, 2 plus 3 make 5, and a square  does not have more than 4 sides,† (20). He ultimately concludes that while the senses are at times deceitful, certain things are indubitable. Descartes then transitions to the existence of God. His considers the potential doubt of his a posteriori belief of God. He claims that God is all-powerful and all knowing. He reasons that he, himself, could not have come up with the idea of God, because God is a being more perfect than himself. And the only way he could have an idea of such a supremely perfect being is if God himself planted the idea in the meditator. Therefore, he concludes that God does exist. Since God is supremely good, the meditator determines that God is not a deceiver. The meditator then reaches the conclusion that God is not a deceiver, but there could be a â€Å"supremely powerful and clever,† (22) evil genius who is deceiving him. This leads the meditator to believe that everything his senses tell him is possibly an illusion created by this evil genius. Descartes ends his first meditation in a state of ambiguity. The possibility of an evil genius deceiving him causes him to doubt everything. He closes the meditation without having reached a distinct conclusion, but he states that he will refuse to believe the false things he used to believe.

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books Essay

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books - Essay Example Another concern of the present study is the Borders Books that represents a bookstore publicly held spreading its business through a large number of stores and encountering different stages of business. Thus the current study focuses on the two different companies- Amazon.com and Borders Books- and conducts a learning on their histories, business approaches, management and marketing and how they have gone through their successes and failures and thus try to recommend some policies that might enable the companies to have better marketing conditions. History of Amazon.com and Borders Books: The Amazon.com Company was started in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The origin of the company was in Washington. Bezos’ idea regarding the business was appreciated and investments were supported by Nick Hanauer who was a businessman by profession. Then the company had plans to go online and spread its business. Initially the business was not as shining as it is known to be in the present times . In the early times of its initiation, the website was not very attractively designed and hence lacked the attention of the customers. By the year 1995, a person named Tom Alburg helped the company through further investments and thus the website was designed newly which then started attracting customers. Gradually the company introduced several products and within a short span of time, the company gained huge success as well as profits (The History of Amazon.com, 2011). The history of Borders Books reflects the contribution of several stores of books that include the Borders, Waldenbooks and Brentano's. The Borders Bookstores were started by two brothers, Tom Borders and Louis Borders, in the year 1971. Initially the store was opened in Ann Arbor. Later stores were also opened in Michigan, Atlanta and Indianapolis. Their books were also sold through other booksellers. The first superstore of the company was established in the year 1985. By the year 1988, the Borders bookstores, wh ich later went online, proved to be huge success and delivered efficiently (Peterson, 2012). Business Approach, Management and Marketing of Amazon.com and Borders Books: As far as the business approaches of the two companies are concerned, it has been observed that the Amazon.com and Borders Books both had its focus on the increasing sales and the satisfaction of the customers. While Amazon.com has been found to initially struggle and later on efficiently managed success till the present times, the Borders Books have been found to initially achieve success but later the company failed to maintain its position in the market and lost to bankruptcy. It has been found that the concept of internet marketing was much more effectively understood and utilized by Amazon.com rather than by Borders Books (Volcanic, 2009). Amazon.com had its focus on the customers’ preferences and the manner in which there website could be more attractive to them. Thus initially when the company had rece ived financial assistance it focused on the design of the website that resultantly gained more customers for the company. The company was so concerned with the customers’ satisfaction that they even introduced systems to receive feedback from the customers, thus giving the customers the feeling of being significant. When the company encountered severe losses in 2001, it initiated

The differences between the English and Spanish colonies in the new Essay

The differences between the English and Spanish colonies in the new world - Essay Example There is need to compare the two colonial masters in an effort to identify differences. Religion played an important role in the administration of the colonial territories. Both masters embraced Christianity. The Spanish rule however integrated Christianity in their administration. On the other hand the British acknowledged Christianity but had no role in administration. The Spanish rule ensured that Catholic was the only denomination in their territories. The British encourage Protestantism as their form of religion (Elliot 184). Religion in both colonial territories was used as a tool of strengthening their territory as a common agenda made user each territory shared the same religious ideologies. Religion then played an important role in these colonies as it influenced indigenous cultures. The British colonies exercised tolerance as other denominations where allowed into the region (Elliot 186). The Spanish on the other hand ensured the modern religion was the only religion practices in their territories which were different in British colonies where indigenous cult ure was tolerated. Administration was an important element in the two territories as it was a tool that differentiated the two colonies in the ‘New World’. According to Lange et al (2006) Spanish colonies experienced direct rule. This meant that rulers where appointed by the royal administration in Spain. The rulers answered directly to Spain any action was to be undertaken with a directive from Spain. The direct rule was enhanced by the Spanish government to sponsor settlers in their new territories (Strayer, 633). The Imperial companies that enhanced exploration of the ‘New World’ by the British meant that there rule was independent and formed governments different from the royal rule in Britain. The two systems meant that the indigenous individuals where to be the subjects

What is Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Archaeology - Essay Example The concept of the study of archaeology seems very important since it explains the existence of human beings, and other natural features such as plants, and rocks in the society. Insights and knowledge that one acquires from the study of archaeology helps in understanding the origin of humans, and so on. One of the concepts of archaeology that one might need clarification on is the concept of how apes are the ancestors of human beings. The main question will be â€Å"why apes no longer evolve or why don’t humans evolve to become another creature.†? This concept seems unclear to many students because the concept of human evolution is not convincing, and other archaeological facts that history depicts (Davis, 2005). In conclusion, deeper explanation of these archaeological findings might be very important to the central and the larger context of the class. The nature of archaeology is complex in the sense that it has so much for students to learn, and it offers a lot of information that is debatable both in, and out of class. The study of archaeology is one of the most interesting concepts in history of all

Coca-Cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coca-Cola Company - Essay Example Its main brand is certainly Coca-Cola itself, which is the globe's best-recognized and most precious brand. Nevertheless, the business sells roughly 500 additional beverage products varying from deviations like Diet Coke and brother products, for example, Fanta and Sprite to an enormous choice of carbonated and noncarbonated fluid-centered beverages. Progressively more Coca-Cola has established that its absolute size endeavors next to it. Competition powers now observe the business's every shift, efficiently ruling out the attainment of anything except marginal goods; and market infiltration and economic recessions in both up-and-coming and full-grown markets caused sales expansions to cut out for more than ten years. Ever since 2006, although, the company's performance has commenced to fizz once more, principally through belligerent development of non-cola goods, comprising bottled water (Anpad, 2011, 6). In the current globalized market, businesses have perceived the internationalization of their actions as a means to be competitive. Judgment-making relating to the global marketing mix has turned into being severe; particularly due to control this understanding influences performance. Therefore, many authors have depicted the need for investigation that connects standardization and adjustment to performance (Calantone et al, 2004, 45). In spite of such support, no accord on the association flanked by the two previous and the other has yet been attained. The writing regarding which is the unsurpassed verdict is still open to doubt, believing the consequence (optimistic or pessimistic) of standardization and adjustment on performance. A number of authors consider that an affiliation amid standardization and performance never exists. Others, in distinction, have established a constructive link amid the adaptation of the merchandise and its performance. For this reason, the conformity co ncerning the outcomes of these policies on performance symbolizes a breach in the writing (Zou & Cavusgil, 2002, 34) that this study aspires to accomplish. Even though, companies’ policies might sway performance, the outcomes hitherto are not decisive, particularly those that cope with the connections amid the promotion mix and performance (Shoham, 2002). In addition, conflicting and confusing outcomes have come from the writing, whirling marketers’ judgment making into a tricky strategy. This inconsistency bellows for the progress of more brief and precise theories, techniques, and tactical frameworks, given that marketers require understanding under which conditions each policy emerges to be additionally suitable. Other researchers have formerly attempted to comprehend the relationships amid the marketing mix constituents and performance, other than they had diverse objectives. Leonidou, Katsikeas and Samiee (2002, 14), suggested a research in which there was also a meta-analysis conduction to appraise the associations amid the marketing mix parts and performance. However, their analysis did not believe adjustment and standardization of the mix factors, and was as well centered on a more multifaceted structure that embraced additional variables and forebears. Shoham (2002) examined the extent of homogeny of the marketing mix concerning a satisfaction-centered performance gauge, but he specially deemed the export promotion mix’s extent of consistency and export planning effect on sell overseas performance. Explicitly, in place of this study, he tested the extent of standardization/adjustment policy, and not as a discrete approach, as this paper treats it. To conclude, Theodosiou and Leonidou (2003, 90) have as well researched the associations

Master of Business Administration in Marketing Essay

Master of Business Administration in Marketing - Essay Example I would also like to thank my band mates, composing good music, sharing every nice moment with me, for their friendship, encouragement, insightful comments and reviewed my work on very short notice. Finally, I would like to thank my family for giving me life in the first place, for educating me with aspects from both the arts and sciences, for unconditional support and encouragement to pursue my interests, even when my interests went beyond the boundaries of language, field and geography. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 6 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Business Concept 8 1.1 Objectives 8 1.2 The Band’s Biography 9 1.3 Keys to Success 10 1.4 Imaging Statement 11 1.5 Management Team 12 Chapter 2: Music Industry Analysis 12 2.1 General Music Industry 12 2.2 Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 14 2.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 16 2.2.2 Bargaining Power of Customers 17 2.2.3 Threat of Substitutes 18 2.2.4 Competitive Rivalry within the Industry 19 2.3 Live Music I ndustry 21 2.4 PEST Analysis 22 2.4.1 PEST Analysis for Mainland China 22 2.4.2 PEST Analysis for Macau 27 2.4.3 PEST Analysis for Hong Kong and Taiwan 31 Chapter 3: Competitor Analysis 35 3.1 Forget the G 36 3.1.2 Evade 36 3.1.3 L.A.V.Y. 37 3.1.4 Blademark 37 3.2 Points of Difference 38 3.3 WhyOceans Analysis 38 Chapter 4: Marketing Strategy and Tactics 43 4.1 Marketing Mix 43 4.1.1 Product 43 4.1.2 Promotion 44 4.1.3 Distribution 45 4.1.4 Price 46 Chapter 5: Financial Plan 46 5.1 Projected Net Income 46 5.2 Sources of Capital 47 5.3 Projected Profit and Loss 47 5.4 Projected Cash Flow 50 5.5 Projected Balance Sheet 52 Chapter 6: Conclusion 52 References 54 Appendix 56 Executive Summary The business plan for the Post-Rock band, WhyOceans, is the result of extensive research via the internet, library and personal communication with a variety of individuals. With thorough research of the music industry, specifically the Post-Rock genre, Mr. Tommy Chu was able to develop a business pl an supporting the promotion of WhyOceans. This business plan focuses on a plan for each of the areas supporting this promotion including marketing, management, technical and financial, to draw some booking agencies or record company managers. These people are able to book the band’s performances and create album sales throughout Macau and begin to spread the music to mainland China. This business plan will show that the band will become successful. Each year, its sales and revenue are planned increases that are an indication of the band’s success. Band Description WhyOceans consists of 6 members based in Macau. Their music combines rock and psychedelic elements and falls into the â€Å"Post-Rock† genre, with roots stretching back to the early days of the Pink Floyd. Post-Rock music is currently an expanding genre. WhyOceans will create a unique stylized image for itself that will help with promotion. WhyOceans’ songs are catchy, melodic and unique. That i s the first selling point for the band. None of WhyOceans’ songs sound the same, and while they are stylistically similar there are noticeable differences. Marketing WhyOceans will employ an integrated mix of low-cost, highly effective tools and

The great chain of being Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The great chain of being - Term Paper Example The hierarchical links defined all the aspects of the community including religion, politics and social scopes. Although there was great resistance to change and the kings fought against distortion the great chain, change was encroaching into this kingdom. The government developed policies that allowed distortion of these systems leading to change in the political, social and religious structures. By the end of the 18th century, it is clear that the change had taken place and the great chain was considerably broken. In this light, the various efforts dedicated to maintain balance failed, paving way for new government structures. In the Tudor dynasty, the great chain of being was a universal hierarchy that was both independent and interdependent. The top of the chain was God, who the people believe to have the greatest power over them and worshipped Him. The spirits and Angels followed in this hierarchy. Among human beings, there were divisions between various categories of people. They were categorized as gentlemen, the citizens and Burgesses, the Yeomen, and the laborers in the order of decreasing power (Bucholz and Key 4-5). As you trespass down the chain, the level of power reduced and the people become more subject to others. This hierarchy also defined the way they passed over power from one generation to the next. For instance, King left their power to their successors while Knights were appointees. The belief that prevailed is that this order was universal and there was no way that it would change. The kings maintained a centralized government structure by vesting all the power on the governance. A c hange of this structure was tantamount to sin and it would lead to imbalance of the hierarchy. With this kind of belief, the system remained fixed and the kings had the responsibility to defend this order and maintain the balance of the chain. The Kings fought against any changes in the formal government

Portfolio Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Portfolio Management Plan - Essay Example Any external or internal factor of communication or dealings may allow the employee to be distracted from the current task assigned. The performance of the organization would be affected if Employee Y is distracted with multiple tasks. Employee needs to work upon the emotions and be engaged to the task assigned. Employee Z needs to be strictly monitored as it has been observed that he does not have a good ethical background and has the potential of violating the rules and regulations of the organization. Employee should be observed under the manager and should not be given any vital task of the organization (Woods, 2003). The performance of the organization would be affected negatively if employee Z performs unsupervised. Employee Z needs to also work upon controlling emotions and focus on being satisfied with the job rather than opting for unethical work practices. Other additional assessments that can be recommended for the employees are firstly the Employee Passion Survey. This survey would allow the organization to depict the level of passion that employees have for performing the job roles at the firm. The results of this survey would allow the organization to determine the needs of the employees, the level of passion persisting in the employee, the level of trust that needs to be build by the organization and employee for better productivity of the firm. The second assessment that can be conducted for the employees is the Team Alignment Survey. This survey would allow the organizations to determine the ability of the employees to work in teams and to what extent are the teams aligned in achieving the goals and objectives for the firm. Trust and alignment are two elements that need to be present for teams to become successful and perform successfully for the firm. Specifically employee X can take up assessments such as What’s my basic Personality? and How Involved I am in

Japan and Germany Essay Example for Free

Japan and Germany Essay From 1941 to 1946, American foreign policy was dominated by World War II and underwent an enormous change concerning the United States’ role in the world, as isolationism was discarded and America became the predominant power in the world over a course of just a few years. Prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, America played a very limited role in world affairs, the result of bitter memories of what many considered to be unacceptably high American sacrifices during World War I. From 1942 to 1945, however, America found itself at war both in Europe and throughout the Pacific. Quickly, isolationism seemed to be a distant memory. In the Pacific theater, the United States declared war on the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States later demanded an unconditional surrender from Japan, a decision which some argued would only prolong the war. Those who held this position felt that Japan would fight far longer and fiercer if there were no possibility of compromise. Unconditional surrender, however, was adopted as a policy. This surrender was brought about by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which followed the obliteration of Japan’s largest cities by conventional bombs. Many argue that the real intention in America’s nuclear bombing of Japan was to serve as a warning to the Soviet Union, America’s wartime ally but soon-to-be adversary. America also wanted to force Japan’s surrender quickly so that the Soviet Union would not invade and occupy northern Japan. If that had happened, the occupation would have been divided between the Soviets and the Americans, much like what happened in Germany. By forcing Japan’s surrender before the Soviet Union could commit large number of forces there, America ensured that Japan would be firmly in the American post-war sphere of influence. In Europe, America adopted an identical policy as it had in the Pacific; the war would not end until Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally. In the European theater, America fought with allies far more than in the Pacific. As American and British forces closed in on Germany from the west, the Soviet Union advanced from Germany’s east. Eventually the Americans and Soviets would meet in Berlin, which had been captured by the Soviets. Much as in Japan, America had worn down Germany with carpet bombing of many of Germany’s largest cities. After Germany’s surrender in the spring of 1945, American set about planning its postwar occupation. The primary concern for the Americans was to ensure that the Soviets did not advance any further west than Berlin, as the Americans feared that the Soviet Union was an inherently aggressive nation that would roll over western Europe, just as Hitler had done, if the United States did not deter them with military forces and political support for its European allies. Almost immediately after World War II, the Cold War began as the Americans and Soviets consolidated their influence over areas of Europe that they had liberated from the Nazis. The United States sought to bolster its European allies by military alliance in the form of NATO and by economic aid in the form of the Marshall Plan. The years 1941 through 1946 represented the largest shift in American foreign policy in the history of the country. America went from a relatively isolationist country to one which produced half of the world’s wealth, had military personnel stationed all across the globe, and entered into official foreign alliances for the first time in its history. After the war, there was no return to isolationism, which is evidenced by the fact that American soldiers are stationed in Japan and Germany to this day.

Case study of the hybrid vehicle

Case study of the hybrid vehicle Alternative fuels are fuel that other than conventional fuel (fossil fuels or nuclear materials) used in energy-generated combustion such as biodiesel, hydrogen fuel, chemically stored electricity (hybrid), biomass and so on. Now there are many type of alternative transportation fuel in market. One of it is found out to be the hydrogen; however it is too expensive. So, instead, the automobile industry is embracing the idea of hybrid concept which switches between petrol and electricity. A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Normally, such vehicles are powered by a combination of 2 energy sources: electricity and conventional fuel which mean combine a conventional ground propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) to achieve better fuel economy in automobiles. However, conventional vehicle like a battery electric vehicle without being hampered by range from a charging unit uses batteries charged by an external source. The different propulsion power systems may have common subsystems or components. The major advantage of hybrid car over electric car is that the battery is recharge not from an external socket but from the vehicles gas-powered generator and from kinetic energy generated when the brakes are applied. The hybrid vehicle able to achieve greater fuel efficiency and lower emission than conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) resulting in less emission being generated. So, it contributes a lot to the environmental concern, as it reduces green house gasses, carbon emission. Besides, this high-tech low-emission vehicle can get over 60 miles/gallon (mpg), offering significant saving on fuel cost. In short, it is a better transportation choice for the sustainable development in future. Type of hybrid vehicle The electrical machine is designed to handle transient power variations and helps the engine to operate more constantly such that higher efficiency and lower tailpipe emissions can achieve. Many type of hybrid system exist in the engineering conceptual framework. Now many of them applied in the vehicle engine system. The following listed down few types of hybrid vehicle: 1. Series hybrid vehicles In a series hybrid vehicle, the internal combustion engine is not directly connected to the drive train at all; rather it powers an electrical generator instead. The advantage of this type of hybrid is the flexibility afforded by the lack of a mechanical link between the internal combustion engine and the wheels. Whilst, weakness of this system is that it require separate motor and generator portions which can be combined in some parallel hybrid engines; the combined efficiency of the motor and generator will be lower than that of a conventional transmission thereby offsetting the efficiency gains that might otherwise be realized. 2. Parallel Hybrid In a parallel hybrid the electric motor and the internal combustion engine are installed so that they can both individually or together power the vehicle (Wikipedia, 2010). They can be sub classified on the bases of the ratio of contribution to the motive power of the different component or portion. Most designs combine a large electrical generator and a motor into one unit often situated between the internal combustion engine and the transmission replacing both the conventional starter motor and the alternator (Michael). 3. Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles A petroleum-electric hybrid normally uses internal combustion engines (gasoline or Diesel engines, powered by a variety of fuels) and electric batteries to power electric motors. Most designs combine a large electrical generator and a motor into one unit often situated between the internal combustion engine and the transmission replacing both the conventional starter motor and the alternator. Toyota Prius, Toyota Camry Hybrid and Honda civic hybrid has this type of engines system. 4. Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle (COREV) This is a system that enables the battery of vehicle to recharge while the user drives. When the Battery Electric vehicle (BEV) establishes contact with an electrified rail, plate or overhead wires on the highway via an attached conducting wheel, it will trigger recharging mechanism. The BEVs batteries are recharged by this process on the highway and can then be used normally on other roads until the battery is discharged. 5. Hybrid fuel (dual mode) Hybrid fuel vehicle is known as dual mode hybrid system which uses 2 or more different devices for propulsion, meaning the engine had the ability to use another fuel source to power the system except the electricity. This system contains not only 1 fuel and electricity but also another 1 or 2 back-up fuel in the system. There are many types of hybrid fuel used in different vehicle including dual mode bus, flexible-fuel vehicles, bi-fuel vehicle, modified fuel vehicle and motorized bicycle. The fuel used in this system range from hydrocarbon chained diesel (petroleum, ethanol, natural gas, gasoline and biobutanol) to vegetable oil. 6. Fluid power hybrid Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid vehicles use an engine to charge a pressure accumulator to drive the wheels via hydraulic or pneumatic (i.e. compressed air) drive units. The energy recovery rate is higher and therefore the system is more efficient than battery charged hybrids, demonstrating a 60% to 70% increase in energy economy in EPA testing (Bruno, 2006). Under tests done by the EPA, a hydraulic hybrid Ford Expedition returned 32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg-imp) City, and 22 miles per US gallon (11 L/100 km; 26 mpg-imp) highway. UPS currently has two trucks in service with this technology. (Alex, L, 2006). The system has faster and more efficient charge/discharge cycling and is cheaper than gas-electric hybrids, the accumulator size dictates total energy storage capacity and requires more space than a battery. (wikipedia, 2009) Degree of Hybridization A. Full Hybrid Electric Vehicles A full hybrid vehicle is the one that can run on just the engine, just the batteries or a combination of both. The Prius and Escape Hybrids are examples of this because both cars can be moved forward on battery alone. A large, high capacity battery pack is needed for battery only operation. These vehicles have a split power path that allows more flexibility in the drive train. To balance the forces from each portion, the vehicles use a differential style linkage between the engine and the motor connected to the head end of the transmission. B. Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles This type of hybrids use the engine for primary power, with a torque boosting electric motor connected to the conventional power train. The electric motor is essentially a very large motor which operates not only when the engine needs to be turned over, but also when the driver steps throttle pedal and require extra power. Assist hybrids differ fundamentally from full hybrids in that they cannot run on electric power alone. However since the amount of power needed is very small, the size of the battery system is relatively small. C. Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles These are conventional vehicles with oversized starter motors; allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking or stopped, yet restart quickly and cleanly. Accessories can continue to run on electrical power while the engine is off, and the motor is used for regenerative braking to recapture energy. The motor is used to run up the engine to operating speed before injecting any fuel. Many people do not consider these to be hybrids at all, and they do not achieve the fuel economy of full hybrid models. Case study on the Proton EMAS The first concept car, Proton EMAS, which is planned to be in production line soon (might be in 2011) makes Proton leading in front of others with the most high tech compact concept car design. This superb Electric Hybrid Car from Proton which has been designed by Italdesign and Engine Technology by Lotus and soon will be produced by Proton, local car manufacturer. The name, Emas, meaning gold in Malay, is the acronym for Eco Mobility Advanced Solutions. At the eightieth edition of the Geneva International Motor show (4-14 March 2010), Italdesign Giugiaro is introducing Emas, a family of low environmental impact cars that is set to revolutionize traditional segmentation in the car market. The design, created with the Malaysian manufacturer PROTON is based on a plug-in hybrid drive system designed with Lotus Engineering and was developed with the aim of optimizing the available on-board space and car access ergonomics. The prototype of Proton EMAS engine have different configuration that it might be conventional, hybrid with petrol engine, hybrid with natural gas engine or fully electric. Problem Statement: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles emit carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon through their tailpipes. These gases result in global warming through green house gas effects and pollution which are harmful to both environment and lives. By the way, the prices of fossil fuels keep rising from time to time. There is a growing scientific consensus that increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions are changing the earths climate. Oil prices continue to sky rocket while tougher regulations and policies on permitted exhaust gases are being instituted in major cities of the world. These and some other related issues are compelling vehicle manufacturers to come up with fuel efficient vehicles. These types of vehicles are known as hybrid electric vehicles. Nowadays, the prices of petrol are continuously increased and this non-renewable energy is in critical level of shortages. The American petroleum institute estimated in 1999, the world will be completely run out of petroleum by 2062 to 2094. So, now more and more automobile industries are introduced many type of environmental friendly and petrol efficient car to reduced the usage of petrol and diesel. The significant of hybrid vehicle are increasingly important to the environmental sustainability. The trend of owning hybrid vehicle is very popular in western country since 1800s. However, the awareness of the green house effect to the climate change is still low among the Malaysian. Therefore, the hybrid vehicles until now still can not manage to gain attention of public and high market demand in Malaysia. Hybrid concept car had been introduced many years ago by Toyota Prius in Malaysia. But due to various factors, might be the expensive prices and technological problems cause the demand for this type of car is still low. Now, Proton launched a new series of Proton EMAS that follow hybrid concept. Will it be the next new generation wave that changes the Malaysian mindset in owning hybrid car? Since, Proton is the Malaysian owned local car manufacture, the prices of the hybrid car may lower compare to the Toyota Prius. The import tax and excise tax that applied on the stakeholder will considerably low compare to the Toyota Prius. So, will it be a better choice for Malaysian to have an environmental friendly car? Research question: 1, Is the introduction of the hybrid concept car to Malaysian bring a success. 2. How the hybrid concept in vehicle impact the environment and sustainable development in future. 2. What are the competitive advantages of the hybrid vehicle that difference from the other alternative fuels? Research Objective: 1. To investigate the respondents of society/public to the hybrid vehicle that had introduced. 2. To survey the effectiveness of the hybrid vehicle to the environmental concern. 3. To find out the way hybrid vehicle function correspondent to the sustainable development by comparing to other alternative fuels. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1) Market analysis on Hybrid vehicle 1. Assessing current vehicle performance and simulating the performance of hydrogen and hybrid cars Bent Sorensen, Roskilde University, Institute for Nature, Systems and Models; Energy, Environment and Climate group, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark This journal basically presented simulation study of the efficiency in transforming the energy input into transport works. The insight obtained in measure is compare with the result applying performance of fuel cell, electric vehicles and hybrid between the two. The author stated that: Some people are willing to spend more money on an inefficient car than on the most efficient ones offered in the marketplace, for reasons of biased advertising and the archaic notion that less efficient cars rank higher as status symbols. (Ben Sorensen, 2006). So, it means that the authors viewpoint is clear to panelize the market demand on the hybrid vehicle in future. 2. In the research of heather and Lester, 2002, they compare the 2nd generation of the 1st commercial hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) the Toyota Prius, to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), the Toyota Corolla. They found out that the more expensive and complicated Prius has lower pollution and CO2 gas emission and better fuel economy than the Corolla. Besides, the Prius is not cost-effective in improving fuel economy or lowering emission. For the Prius to be more attractive, they suggest that the price of gasoline should be lower about 3 times than the present and the social value of abating tailpipe emission would have to be 14 times greater than conventional value. So, they concluded that the hybrid will not have significant sales unless fuel price raise several-ford or regulation mandated. AGREE 3. Evaluation of electric motor and gasoline engine hybrid car using solar cells K. Sasaki*, M. Yokota, H. Nagayoshi, K. Kamisako In this paper, the utility of a hybrid car equipped with a gasoline engine, an electric motor and solar cells was evaluated. Though the capacities of the electric motor and batteries are half the size compared with conventional electric vehicles, it was confirmed that this car is sufficient for practical use. The total electric energy consumed in a day can be supplied by a 1.6 kW solar array which can be easily set on the roofs of common houses or parking lots. So, they concluded as such a hybrid car must contribute to depression of the air pollution in urban areas. (K. Sasaki, 1997) 4. Does the hybrid Toyota Prius lead to rebound effects? Analysis of size and number of cars previously owned by Swiss Prius buyers Peter de Haan *, Michel G. Mueller, Anja Peters Peter D.H et al (2006) in his analysis on the hybrid rebound effect found that the Toyota Prius 2 is indeed a product that effectively combines fuel efficiency and the satisfaction of consumer needs, and is successful in replacing daily-use vehicles and becoming the most used car in a household. Besides, they also confirm that hybrid vehicles like the Toyota Prius indeed have a positive effect on total CO2 emissions from road transport, and that rebound effects are not yet in sight. Then, they think that financial support for the purchase of hybrid vehicles seems to be a possible and valid environmental policy. Further progress in fuel-efficiency gains using hybrid powertrains is to be expected also. 2) Hybrid function in lowering emission 1. An Overview of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology, Michael O. Omoigui In the article, an overview of hybrid electric vehicle technology, Michael listed down variety of weakness and benefits of the hybrid vehicle to sustainable future. He also explained in details how the hybrid functions to lower emission and fuel economy. The article encapsulates factors that necessitate the development of hybrid electric vehicles, classifications of hybrid electric vehicles based on the arrangement of the internal combustion engine and the electric motor for traction. The types of batteries required and the use of power electronic converters for effective power processing and utilization in hybrid electric vehicle drive is covered. 2. Solutions reducing green house emission from US transportation David L. Greene, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Andreas Schafer, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY In this book, authors make the comparison between difference types of alternative fuel in term of reducing green house gases (GHG). The findings clearly showed that only hydrogen and electricity is a better alternative fuel to replaced fossil fuel in the next 15 years beyond. Although other alternative fuels could play a transition role, it is questionable whether the associated high investments and limited GHG emission reduction potential would justify large-scale shifts to any of these fuels. 3. Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Volume 1: Nationwide Greenhouse Gas Emissions, report, July 2007 In the report, the EPRI team aims to examine the greenhouse gas emissions and air quality impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). The purpose of the program is to evaluate the nationwide environmental impacts of potentially large numbers of PHEVs over a time period of 2010 to 2050. The analysis showed the PHEVs adoption results in significant reduction in the consumption of petroleum fuels. They stated that in the Medium PHEV case, fuel savings were equivalent to 3.7 million barrels per day by 2050. 4. Government legislations on hybrid transportation 5. Malaysia Master Tax Guide 2009, 26th ed,, Veerinderjeet, S. Teoh B.K. 6. Policy instruments for environmental and natural resource management. Thomas Sterner Malaysian tax guide information stated that for application received by the ministry of finance from 30 August 2008 to 31 December 2010, franchise holder of hybrid car are given 100% exemption of import duty and 50% of exemption of excise duty for the new completely build-up (CBU) hybrid car subjected to certain criteria and condition. (Veerinderjeet, S. Teoh B.K., 2009). In condition, country like United State tightening standard of emission rate by Clean Air Act. By the way, in 1990, California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted a visionary scheme to progressively reduce emission requirement. This government reinforcement had successfully forced manufactures to sell vehicle that fulfill environmental criteria. (Thomas S.) Chapter 3: Methodology This research will conduct by using secondary sources collection, questionnaires and direct interviews to public and suppliers. 3.1 Secondary sources collection The main method of gathering information for this research is by collecting and analyzing secondary sources. Library searching is one of the ways to look for the books, journals, articles, media and press released, and so on. Besides, website (official website of Proton) and online databases (science world, science direct) also will be use to search for updated data. 3.2 Questionnaires Another way to find information for this research will be by surveying on the public viewpoint on the hybrid vehicle in various terms includes the performance, eco-friendly characteristics, cost effectiveness, petrol saving and so on. This will be done by giving questionnaires to the 100 selected people in UM includes students, lecturers, and staff. Then, the answer will be the quantitative data after analyzed and computed into figures and data. 3.3 Interview Interview will be done in 2 alternative ways to gather public opinions on the hybrid vehicle that had introduced. 1 is done to the selected society/public that play role to impact the car ownership decision. By interviewing, the factors that influent drivers to own a car will be found. So, the market demand for the hybrid car and the viewpoint of the public to the hybrid car will also revise. Then, another way of interview will be done with the Proton manufacturer, Proton Holding Sdn Bhd to get 1st hand information on the Proton EMAS car. However, this can only carry out with approval from the Proton behalf and act as a supportive way to the other research methods. By comparing both the viewpoints of the supplier and public may lead to different decision making on choice of car to be own in future. Research Limitation The limitation of the research will be focus mostly on the Malaysian viewpoint about the new concept car, Proton EMAS. A lot of problem will be face along the time doing a research. One of the obstacles for me to do this research is difficulty in finding materials about the hybrid vehicle in Malaysia. Since the concept are still new and strange to Malaysian society. So, not much of the information I got regarding this 1st concept car in Malaysia. The way I do is I try to substrate some news from the press or website. Moreover, the new Proton EMAS now still in stage of prototype and not yet can be found in the market in Malaysia. Society are also no much awareness to this type of car will be launched soon locally. So it is quite problematic to do research on this topic. Besides, the knowledge of how the vehicles hybrid system to function in reducing emission is rare and unknown for the Malaysian. That is why the question should be set according to the society common known without using heavy word or scientific term in questionnaires. Due to the difficulty in transportation problem, the survey will only conduct in University of Malaya. The population includes student, lecturers, and staffs which act as a sample of actual society in Malaysia. However, the result will only show a population size of around 100 people in UM which may be bias toward the actual condition. 1. http://green.autoblog.com/2006/06/15/capturing-the-power-of-hydraulics, Bruno V, 15 June 2006 2. http://www.autoblog.com/2006/06/26/epa-unveils-hydraulic-hybrid-ups-delivery-truck , Alex, L., 26 June 2006 Colour file location Red hybrid technology Purple wikipedia Yellow toyota vs corolla Brown hybrid performance Pink solar hybrid cell

Photography vs. Text Essay -- Art Writing Literature Essays

Photography vs. Text Man's first step on the moon, the Hindenburg Disaster, The Gold Rush of 1849, The Great Depression, and the realities of Vietnam are all in our memory because of one thing: photography. Many may not remember what literature and history books say about the war in Vietnam, but what about the graphic photo of a South Vietnamese Buddhist burning himself alive? Some may not recall the words of news anchor Walter Cronkite as he announced the death of President Kennedy, but may reminisce on what film captured-- first he took off his glasses, next he looked you straight in the eyes and delivered the message in a straightforward and serious matter: "Three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas." (qtd. in Bestor) Cronkite remembers it as "the only time (he) ever broke down while on the air." (qtd. in Hayes) An hour and a-half later, According to the World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia, photography froze history as Lyndon B. Johnson made his presidential oath on Air-Force One. Jackie Kennedy watched on with ineffable emotion. ("Kennedy"). Two days later was the assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald, captured by a photographer at the exact moment that Jack Ruby pulled the pistol and shot Oswald point-blank. The picture-- depicting the horror on Oswald's face and Jack Ruby's expression of anger-- won the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for photographic journalism. Edward Steichen said to TIME reporters in 1961 that "photography records the gamut of feelings written on the human face, the beauty of the earth and skies that man has inherited, and the wealth and confusion man has created. It is a major force in explaining man to himself." (Eurlich and DeBruhl 505.) Steichen was a pioneer in ... ...t to lose." (Eurlich and DeBruhl 126) These great pieces of art are primarily so for their ability to freeze time in a split second. No other art form in the world, not even literature, can match that. Works Cited Eurlich, Eugene, and Marshall DeBruhl. The International Thesaurus of Quotations New York: HarperPerrenial, 1996 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia San Diego: Ivid Communications, 1997 Bestor, Mary Jane. JFK Death: Sunday Was 35th Anniversary News Article 21 Jun. 2000 <http://www.wcco.com/news/stories/news-981123-055109.html> Hayes, Ace R. A Reporter's Lie: Cronkite and the Party Line (Book Review) 22 Jun. 2000 <http://www.radio4all.org/pfp/cronkite.html> Newmann, Renee M. Dyslexia: Explanations from Science Dyslexia & Dyscalculia Support Services of Shiawassee County. 24 Jun. 2000 <http://www.shianet.org/~reneenew/dysl.html>

Allegory, Symbolism, and Madness †Comparing the Demons of Edgar Allan

Allegory, Symbolism, and Madness – Comparing the Demons of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne As contemporaries of each other, Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne endeavored to write about man’s dark side, the supernatural influence, and moral truths. Each writer saw man as the center-point in his stories; Poe sees man’s internal struggle as madness, while Hawthorne sees man as having a â€Å"secret sin.† Each had their reasons for writing in the Gothic format. Poe was not a religious man; he was well educated and favored reading the German Gothic literature, which would become the basis for his own writing. Hawthorne on the other hand, called on his Puritan-Calvinistic background to influence his writing style. Along with his formal education, and his self-imposed solitary time, that he spent reading and observing nature. Poe’s writing allows the reader to observe man’s thoughts and behaviors from within his mind and demonstrates how his behavior influences his surroundings. As opposed to Hawthorne’s writing, where a man’s behavior is affected from outside influences, as such, placing him in settings that will manipulate his emotional and mental behavior in an effort to deliver a moral theme. Each author would write their own version of a Gothic tale that would spin the reader’s imagination into places it might not otherwise go. The mechanics of Gothic fiction contain two key aspects, the first is allegory, and the second is the use of symbol. Poe and Hawthorne each utilized these two distinct styles of Gothic writing. Poe would favor the use of symbols in his writing while Hawthorne depended strongly on the use of allegory to create his tales. James K. Folsom describes Hawthorne’s use o... ...still be tantalized by the descriptive language of haunted woods, and ornately morbid houses. Readers of this style of fiction will always be intrigued by Poe’s internal demons and Hawthorne’s external demons. Works Cited Baym, Nina, general ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 6th ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003. Folsom, James K. Man’s Accidents and god’s Purposes: Multiplicity in Hawthorne’s Fiction. CT: College and UP, 1963. Haggerty, George E. Gothic Fiction/Gothic Form. PA: Penn State UP, 1988. Lloyd-Smith, Allan. â€Å"Nineteenth-Century American Gothic.† A Companion to the Gothic. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. Ringe, Donald A. American Gothic. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1982. Savoy, Eric. â€Å"The rise of American Gothic.† Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction. 2002. Voss, Arthur. The American Short Story. OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1973. Allegory, Symbolism, and Madness – Comparing the Demons of Edgar Allan Allegory, Symbolism, and Madness – Comparing the Demons of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne As contemporaries of each other, Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne endeavored to write about man’s dark side, the supernatural influence, and moral truths. Each writer saw man as the center-point in his stories; Poe sees man’s internal struggle as madness, while Hawthorne sees man as having a â€Å"secret sin.† Each had their reasons for writing in the Gothic format. Poe was not a religious man; he was well educated and favored reading the German Gothic literature, which would become the basis for his own writing. Hawthorne on the other hand, called on his Puritan-Calvinistic background to influence his writing style. Along with his formal education, and his self-imposed solitary time, that he spent reading and observing nature. Poe’s writing allows the reader to observe man’s thoughts and behaviors from within his mind and demonstrates how his behavior influences his surroundings. As opposed to Hawthorne’s writing, where a man’s behavior is affected from outside influences, as such, placing him in settings that will manipulate his emotional and mental behavior in an effort to deliver a moral theme. Each author would write their own version of a Gothic tale that would spin the reader’s imagination into places it might not otherwise go. The mechanics of Gothic fiction contain two key aspects, the first is allegory, and the second is the use of symbol. Poe and Hawthorne each utilized these two distinct styles of Gothic writing. Poe would favor the use of symbols in his writing while Hawthorne depended strongly on the use of allegory to create his tales. James K. Folsom describes Hawthorne’s use o... ...still be tantalized by the descriptive language of haunted woods, and ornately morbid houses. Readers of this style of fiction will always be intrigued by Poe’s internal demons and Hawthorne’s external demons. Works Cited Baym, Nina, general ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 6th ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003. Folsom, James K. Man’s Accidents and god’s Purposes: Multiplicity in Hawthorne’s Fiction. CT: College and UP, 1963. Haggerty, George E. Gothic Fiction/Gothic Form. PA: Penn State UP, 1988. Lloyd-Smith, Allan. â€Å"Nineteenth-Century American Gothic.† A Companion to the Gothic. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. Ringe, Donald A. American Gothic. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1982. Savoy, Eric. â€Å"The rise of American Gothic.† Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction. 2002. Voss, Arthur. The American Short Story. OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1973.

The Ethical Imperative †Contrarieties

The Ethical Imperative – Contrarieties â€Å"A global ethic is only practicable as a personal commitment,† says the author, Dalla Costa. He explains that for businesspeople, this does not mean valuing profit less, but instead valuing people more. Throughout the article, the author shows that business reflects who we are as a society and the beliefs that we live by as individuals. He uses several examples of organizations that have been hurt by unethical behavior to support his statement.Business leaders must assess their values and make appropriate changes since they operate in a global economy where market forces have left the human aspect weaker and the profit element skyrocketed. Dalla Costa attempts to convince businesses to pursue moral and ethical policies. He addresses the principle of right and wrong but emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior to long-term survival and profit. The article dissects the different characteristics attributed to those optimisti c and pessimistic.It describes the institutional pessimism of business, and explains how it is a product of fear – the fear of making mistake and of trying something new. The author argues that today's universal interdependence requires a global ethic – concern for the consumers, workers, and the environment of the overall community. He also discusses the pressures that lead to unethical behavior by individuals and organizations. He develops on five core fallacies that ground the pessimists' antipathy and prevent correction.In the article, Dalla Costa outlines the process for incorporating ethical principles to the direct benefit of customers, shareholders, employees and profits. The author makes clear why corporate ethics must be a fundamental component of any firm. As managers and consumers, many people are concerned about issues like discrimination in the workplace, and are struggling to integrate their beliefs into their jobs. The Ethical Imperative links these per sonal values to business performance. ’Costly though they may be, ethics are not an expenditure but an investment’’ (Dalla Costa, 1998). This article can be related to any business. [From Tesco’s point of view] as trust is essential among network actors, we believe to be optimistic is the best way to achieve ethical practices and reach trust between the firm and the market. Since industry, employer, and peer pressure are important factors influencing employees’ decisions, and since they do what they think is expected from them, we will work on modifying our business culture to build ethic and trust.Teams will be built to assess unethical issues, gather feedbacks and comments. This will in turn create a positive feedback loop. Also, Tesco will co-create supply chain transparency by 1. Demanding full transparency from its suppliers, 2. Working together with Tesco-Motorola-Food suppliers-Customers, and 3. Allowing customers to be true to their respect ive code of ethics.

Lack of Sleep Effects Student’s Gpa

Lack of Sleep Has a Direct Effect on a Student’s GPA Gilbert, S. P. , & Weaver, C. (2010). Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University Students: A Wake-Up Call for College Psychologists. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 24(10), 295-306. Retrieved September 25, 2012, from the SocIndex database. Key Terms Defined GPA: Grade Point Average DWI: Dropped, Withdraw, Incomplete (Classes) GDI: Goldberg Depression Inventory PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index SummaryThis study was done to identify the relationship between sleep deprivation and a student’s academic performance in areas such as GPA, class attendance, and incomplete assignments. 557 people were used for this with 35. 7% being male and 64. 3% being female. And the average age of the subjects being 19. The participants of the study were asked to complete several surveys to determine if they qualified for the study. A demographic survey asked about their GPA and the courses they dropped, withdrew fro m, or failed to complete. This was done to judge the student’s previous academic levels.Next, they took what is called the GDI to determine the student’s levels of depression. Students who showed abnormally high levels of depression were removed from the study to be further analyzed. The students remaining had scores of average or below average levels of depression. The final test was the PSQI, which is a self-report survey to determine the subjects sleep patterns. Using these self-report surveys the conductors of the experiment were able to determine that there is a relationship between quality of sleep and academic performance. SignificanceThis study is the first known to have found a direct relationship between poor academic performance and poor sleep quality using a large sample size. Previous studies used smaller groups and had not accounted for depression as a factor in poor academic performance. This study also found that the quality of sleep many students exper ience is well below ideal and that this affects the GPAs of females more so than males although the reason behind this could not be determined. Socially this information can be used when counseling students experiencing poor academic performance, but show no signs of depression.Evaluation The authors presented the procedures and results of this study very effectively, and the materials were made extremely easy to understand. I believe the study could have been more in depth and accurate if actual sleep studies were conducted along with the self-report surveys. Along the same lines, a flaw in the study is that the researchers opened up the possibility of false reporting by only using the surveys and trusting the students to be completely honest. If I were to use two words to describe this article they would be â€Å"expected† and â€Å"well-planned†. Expected† is referring to the results of the study. It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to guess that there i s a connection between the quality of sleep and academic performance, however they expound upon that assumption and find more in depth results in the study. As for â€Å"well-planned† it is a word used to describe the procedures used to carry out the study. Eliminating depression as a variable was impressive foresight on the researchers part and is a large part of what makes this study so effective. ConclusionThis article has thoroughly increased my knowledge of the extent of sleep’s effect on academic performance. While I hypothesized in my own mind that there was a connection, I had no idea how strong. I also think this article has helped me to understand how to help students struggling with academic performance and how to try to figure out all the possible issues instead of issuing a stereotypical label such as laziness. I believe further research should investigate the causes of this decreased quality of sleep and possible cures if it is a medical or biological iss ue.

L’Oreal of Paris: Bringing Class to Market with Plenitude Essay

L’Oreal has always used its Class to Market approach and used its high-end technologically superior products to advertise its brand. It uses the ‘Class to Market’ products to finance its research into newer technologically advanced products. The US Market is a very competitive market where all the companies put millions of dollars into advertising and other promotional events. The US market also has a lot of potential as the people are fashionable and have the money to pay for the products that cosmetic companies make. The US market presents its own challenges; people from across the world live in the US, for a cosmetic company this means that there are many skin tones, skin types etc. importantly, it also means that there are different attitudes and perceptions about cosmetics, consumers income levels, consumers budget towards cosmetics. And this differs from state to state in the US. Community A maybe using a lot of cosmetics vs. Community B where people feel that cosmetics are too fashionable and hence abhor using them; but these opposing opinions like I mentioned also go along with subtle changes in perception amongst communities. Unlike Europe where it is easy to categorize people based on the country, in the US it is extremely difficult. There are companies that are doing it quite successfully but as the CEO mentioned, L’Oreal needs to figure out a couple of things before they can crack the US market. Their market share is stagnant and they are now fighting back; however, what they need in the US is to identify which product go to what area – the expensive products probably sell better on the east coast than the west? The moisturizers probably sell better in the colder parts of the country in a certain season compared to the cleansers which again probably sell better on the east coast as people generally (myth or reality? Only research can tell us) have more money and care more about their looks. Social pressure is also another factor that will affect the way people use and spend money on cosmetics. L’Oreal must also analyze what products to sell and which ones not to. It has hundreds of products and its very difficult to sell all of them successfully in each country. However, going with just 5 or 10 products isn’t going to win the battle either. They should sell high-end products with big profit margins but they must know that there are other companies competing for the same dollars, so the product they sell must either be better or must be properly differentiated. Selling products in beauty parlors is a good idea in the US, however, they must first find out which parts of the US has more beauty parlors, where do customers get what type of treatments, and where do customers ask for specialized products vs. letting the beauty parlor decide for them. The level or research that goes into introducing products for the US has to be much deeper than the research they have done in Europe. They are basically baking on Europe to provide two-thirds of their revenues and profits. The company is focusing their resources on Europe, which is not a bad thing; however, with competition getting successful int eh US it shows that there is a lot that L’Oreal is losing. L’Oreal is also losing on the lucrative South-East Asia India and China market, there are 3 Billion people in that part of the world and less than 20% of their sales come from this region. With the money flowing into China and India, people will eventually have more spending power which means they will spend more money on items of beauty and other personal care products.

Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report

Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report 40 graphs and charts Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report 40 graphs and charts Published March 2010 From Biomass Advisors, a Biofuels Digest company Camelina has been much in the news of late, as a biofuels feedstock of strong promise, because of its position as one of the few â€Å"sustainable, affordable, reliable, available† feedstocks suitable for aviation biofuels. In November, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines made the first biofuels test flight with passengers on board, powering one engine with a mixture containing biofuel made from Camelina. Great Plains – The Camelina Company provided some of the Camelina used to make the fuel for this flight. Earlier, camelina was one of the feedstocks powering the Japan Airlines biofuels test, while the U. S. military has performed ground engine tests on camelina-based jet fuel in preparation for FA-18 Hornet fighter jet flights planned for this spring. Biofuels Digest has covered the camelina story in 71 different stories since 2007. But what’s the bottom line, for the grower, processor, end user, investor or policymaker? Biomass Advisors — a Biofuels Digest company focused on in-depth research — will release its definitive report on camelina in March 2010, including 40 charts and graphs. It’s based on unparalleled access to and cooperation with key stakeholders, on trends in processing, yields, geographies, and the end user markets opening up for high-value animal feed, and liquid transportation fuels (including aviation biofuels). In the report you’ll find the timeliness and perspective expected of the Digest — but with far more depth than a daily newsletter can provide. To reserve a copy or for more information, use this link to email us with â€Å"reserve† or â€Å"more information† in the subject line. Or to order your copy for $495, click on the button below: Table of Contents 1. Overview 1. 1. What is Camelina? 1. 2. Camelina’s development 1. 3. Camelina for the grower: a wheat rotation crop 1. 4. Camelina for the processor: omega-3 rich meal, high-yielding oilseed 1. 5. Camelina for the end user: animal feed, renewable jet fuel, biodiesel 2. Camelina’s Geography 2. 1. Opportunities within the wheat belt 2. 2. Additional opportunities in grazing or idle lands 2. 3. Trial locations and yield patterns 3. Camelina’s Economics 3. 1. Camelina oil: uses and values 3. 2. Camelina meal: uses and values 3. 3. Camelina economics 3. 3. 1. Inputs: fertilizers, herbicies, pesticides, labor 3. 3. 2. Outputs: yields and values 3. 4. Comparison of Camelina to other rotation crops: geography, yields, economics 3. 5. Camelina’s lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainability 3. 6. Camelina Subsidies, Incentives, Grants, Mandates and Approvals for Use 3. 6. 1. National 3. 6. 2. State 3. 6. 3. Local 4. The competition: Petroleum Oil Economics 4. 1. Oil market trends and forecasts 4. 2. Camelina end markets size and potential 5. Camelina Production Forecast 5. 1. Oil parity analysis 5. 2. Available land analysis 5. 2. 1. Wheat fields available for rotation 5. 2. 2. Idle land available for Camelina production 5. 3. Agriculture adoption patterns 5. 4. Existing, planned and potential refineries 5. 5. Camelina production forecast 5. 5. 1. Biodiesel 5. 5. 2. Biojet fuel 5. 5. 3. Biolubricants and biomaterials 5. 5. 4. Animal feed 5. 6. Theoretical maximums 5. 7. Potential impact of market distortions 5. 8. Sensitivity analysis 6. Business and Investment Opportunities 6. 1. Transport and logistics 6. 2. Pressing 6. 3. Refining and blending 6. 4. Site selection considerations 6. 4. 1. Current and planned refineries 6. 4. 2. End-market locations and off-take partners 7. Case Studies, Profiles 8. Additional Resources and Information ?

Another look into JS Mill’s subjection of women Essay

This paper intends to answer the question, â€Å"Why does Mill find it unlikely that women will join together to rebel against men? † through an attempt to identify three of his reasons. In addition to the aforementioned, this paper will provide examples to illustrate why the aforementioned reasons are still true today. Reasons Why Women Do Not Go Against Men John Stuart Mill finds it â€Å"unlikely that women join together to rebel against men† (Mill n. p. ). He has several reasons for this and three of these are the following: First of all is because of â€Å"the natural attraction between opposite sexes† (Mill n. p. ). Explaining further, women will not merge to revolt against men because loving men comes naturally to women (Mill n. p. ). The women also sympathize with what men need, for instance the men want a â€Å"woman most nearly connected with him, not a forced slave but a willing one† (Mill n. p. ). Women are most likely to love men instead of grouping themselves together and rebel because they know this is want men truly desire and women naturally want to help men satisfy such goal (Mill n.p. ). Thus, love prohibited the women to go against men (Mill n. p. ). Second is because of â€Å"the wife’s entire dependence on the husband, every privilege or pleasure she has being either his gift, or depending entirely on his will† (Mill n. p. ). Explaining further, it is â€Å"unlikely that women will join together to rebel against men† because women think that they owe their lives to the men (Mill n. p. ). This is partly because they were not provided with an education that may let them do things that typically only men can carry out (Mill n. p. ). This lack of education only let them take care of the men or serve them and because of these, they were convinced that it is only moral such is a â€Å"moral duty of women† (Mill n. p. ). Eventually, this also led women to submit to men and to yield to the control of other people (Mill n. p. ). Thus, this kind of belief/mentality prevented women to revolt against me (Mill n. p. ). Last but not least is because â€Å"the principal object of human pursuit, consideration, and all objects of social ambition, can in general be sought or obtained by her only through him† (Mill n.p. ). This is because a woman tends to believe she cannot attain goals on her own (Mill n. p. ). Again, there are several factors for this: first of all back then women were not given the chance to obtain education; second, they were made to believe that it is their duty to serve men; third, they lack self-esteem because of the first two factors aforementioned and so they feel they will never be able to make it on their own and so they have to depend on men all the time (Mill n.p. ). Thus, this kind of principle (or lack thereof) hampered women to rebel against men (Mill n. p. ). Examples Illustrating Why It Still Occurs Today Unfortunately, the aforementioned reasons why women do not go against men even if they have to still exist today. Take for instance the following: There are several cases wherein the woman refuses to file a complaint against a man because she does not want him punished/hurt because she loves her deeply. This occurs from then ‘til now because of the woman’s natural attraction for a man (Mill n. p. ). Also, up to now there are still cultures or countries that encourage women to serve the men instead of going to work or having a career of their own or going to school to get an education. This occurs from then ‘til now because of the wrong belief that it is the â€Å"women’s moral duty to serve men† (Mill n. p. ). Works Cited Mill, John Stuart. The Subjection of Women. 1869. n. a. 31 October 2008. http://www. constitution. org/jsm/women. htm.

Coley's toxins and alternative medicine in cancer treatment Article

Coley's toxins and alternative medicine in cancer treatment - Article Example Coley’s toxins are also referred to as Coley’s vaccine and mixed bacterial vaccine. William Coley’s contribution toward bacterial immunotherapy of tumors and cancers can never be overlooked; however, the myths associated with use of Coley’s toxins have hindered the path towards understanding the exact phenomenon that Coley claimed to have observed (Nauts et al., 1953). One of the supporting claims for using the Coley’s toxins is that they activate the defense mode of macrophages (Starnes, 1992). Naturally the tumor cells in the body are not considered as antigen, and therefore, macrophages predominantly exist in repair mode (Coley and Higinbotham, 1936). Thus the injection of foreign particles or foreign agents into the body instigates an immune response, due to which macrophages target the tumor (Bickels et al., 2002). One must not overlook the success rate of Coley’s treatment; perhaps his method was more efficient than the modern day immunotherapy trials. Coley injected 104 cancer patients with his toxins, out of which 50% survived was for more than 5 years, while 20% of the patients survived longer than 20 years(Tsung and Norton, 2006). The question to ponder is what are the causes that lead to the variation in outcomes of immunotherapy? Why some patients perform better with immunotherapies, and why some struggle to cope with it? Therefore, there is a dire need for understanding the mechanism of action of Coley’s toxins. Another component of the Coley’s toxins is lipopolysaccharide, which is a component of a bacterial cell; initially it was considered that the presence of these molecules activated the tumor necrosis factor or TNF(Wiemann and Starnes, 1994). TNF is a molecule that is naturally present in the body of an organism, and it is reported to play a crucial role in i nitiating necrotic activity

Retroviridae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retroviridae - Essay Example Based on the similarities in amino acid sequences in the reverse transcriptase proteins of retroviruses (Coombs, Medscape, the retroviruses can be classified into: alpharetroviruses, betaretroviruses, gammaretroviruses, deltaretroviruses, epsilonretroviruses, lentiviruses and spuma-viruses (Table-1). The alpharetroviruses, betaretroviruses, and gammaretroviruses are considered simple retroviruses; the deltaretroviruses, epsilonretroviruses, lentiviruses, and spuma-viruses are considered complex (Coombs, Medscape). Avian sarcoma and leukosis viral group, mammalian B-type viral group, murine leukemia-related viral group, human T-cell leukemia–bovine leukemia viral and D-type viral group were formerly known as oncogenic retroviruses (Coffin, NCBI). Retroviruses are further classified into simple and complex categories based on the organization of their genomes. There are 3 major coding domains which are common to all the retroviruses. These domains have information for virion proteins. The domains are known as gag, pol and env. Gag directs the synthesis of internal virion proteins that form the matrix, the capsid, and the nucleoprotein structures. Pol contains the information for the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes and env contains information for the synthesis of the surface and transmembrane components of the viral envelope protein. In addition to all these major coding domains, there is one smaller coding domain common to all retroviruses. It is called pro and it codes for the virion protease. Simple retroviruses are those which carry only this elementary information. All oncogenic members except the human T-cell leukemia virus–bovine leukemia virus (HTLV-BLV) genus are simple retroviruses. Complex retrov iruses code for additional regulatory non-virion proteins derived from multiple spliced messages. The additional coding domains include tat, rev, etc.

International Distribution and Supply Chain Management Essay

International Distribution and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Two key technological developments that have enabled customers to transfer and vendors to process consumption data are Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and high-speed, batch-processing forecasting software. Coincident with the advent of these innovations was the evolution of cooperative customer-vendor business programs including Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Continuous Replenishment Planning (CRP), and Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFAR) which became the hallmarks of 1990s supply chain management. The combination of new information technology and cooperative supply chain partnerships has made possible the sharing of consumption-based forecasting information in near real time. The results of these developments have been dramatic: improvements in product-forecast accuracy, reductions in supply chain inventories, and efficiencies in product distribution. Instead of monthly factory shipment information, vendors have begun to use four other types of demand data to drive demand planning systems. These alternative data streams are (1) customer forecasts, (2) consumer purchases, (3) customer warehouse withdrawals, and (4) customer orders. Collectively, these customer-supplied data can be used to form the basis for bottom-up product forecasts which, when aggregated and rolled back up the supply chain, more accurately predict independent demand than do factory shipment-based forecasts. Independent demand is the requirement for items that is influenced by factors that are external to the firms that comprise the supply chain. These external factors bring about random variation in demand for such items. Consequently, independent demand forecasts are typically projections of historical demand patterns. As such, it is assumed here that independent demand is derived from point-of-sale (POS) based consumption data, since consumption is outside of the control of suppliers, vendors, and retail customers. The primary reason for using

This is a medical law problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

This is a medical law problem question - Essay Example She breached that duty of care by acting in a manner inconsistent with the reasonable standard of care which caused Paulo to suffer injury as a result of her breach of the duty of care. She knows that it is mandatory to obtain the valid consent of the patient before any medical or surgical treatment is performed on the patient. Hence, she must also be made liable for the damages, together with the doctor for the injury sustained by Paulo. The hospital also has a vicarious liability for the tort of battery and negligence committed by their doctor and nurse. As their employers, the hospital can be sued in the event their employees cannot compensate Paulo for the damage caused to him. Under the law, Paulo has the right to sue the hospital, and in return, the hospital has the obligation to compensate Paulo for the unsafe medical practice committed against him. Paulo should also file a case for negligence and damages against Doc Torr for his failure to warn him of the risks and side-effec ts of the surgical treatment before the actual operation. Clearly, there was a breach of duty on the part of the doctor for failure to inform his patient that there is a 0.5% possibility that he will lose his voice. Such material fact should be made known to the patient since the doctor knows that the patient is an opera singer by profession. Paulo has the right to request for his health record, â€Å"which consists of information relating to the physical or mental health or condition of an individual made by a health professional in connection to his care†( BMA Ethics). Before a medical practitioner examines and/or treats a patient, a valid consent must be given by the patient. If the said doctor proceeds with the examination without obtaining consent from the patient, whether express or implied, and done against that person’s will and without any statutory authority to do so, that surgeon may incur civil liability for violation of the tort of trespass against the per son and criminal liability in accordance with the provisions of Offences Against the Person Act of 1861. The truth is that most cases covered by this area are brought about due to negligence as the cause of action in the tort or damage committed by the doctor. However, in order for the action to prosper, the claimant must show proof that a valid consent from the patient to allow the medical treatment was absent. In this case, no valid consent was obtained by Dr. Torr from his patient Paulo. Thus, the doctor is liable for negligence. The term â€Å"consent† was best described in the case of Cardozo J, Schoelendorff v New York Hospital which provides: â€Å"Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body.1† While in the case of F V West Berkshire Health Authority, Lord Goff has stated that: â€Å"Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body†. 2 In the case at bar, Paulo is an adult who has the capacity to give consent to the medical treatment that will be done to his own body. The requirement of consent to treatment reflects the basic right to self-determination. The act of Doc Torr makes him liable for two things: 1.) Failure to obtain a valid consent from his client; and 2.)Non-disclosure of the vital information of inherent risk

Sustainability and Luxury Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sustainability and Luxury Fashion - Essay Example The paper "Sustainability and Luxury Fashion" looks into the sustainability on brand perception in the fashion industry in the two countries; Sweden and the United Kingdom; most importantly the impacts.Arguably, Europe was and still is a core part of the cradle of civilization and two countries that played extra crucial roles in the whole process are the United Kingdom and Sweden. In the fashion world, these two nations have made impressive strides too. They both filled with strong fashion brands that have so far withstood the test of time. Most of these brands can as well be further categorized as luxury fashion brands. Their image is at present glorious but considering how volatile the industry is, the big job is not getting to the top, the good brand loosely hanging perception is the very hard task.From its inception, the fashion industry in the United Kingdom and Sweden has never been short of variables. Hence, so as to keep up with the ever-evolving values, adopting a sustainabl e approach is advised. But this hasn’t always been the case. For the young consumers, sustainability is not very relevant a word in their very dynamic and very synthetic consumers’ dictionary. At this consumer’s age, ironically, change is the only constant thing. Change is pre- programmed in every young brain. The trick is evolving with the change, sleekly, of course, so as to still a factor in sustainability. All fashion brands in these two countries are at the huge risk of toiling to the top and implementing strategies.

Production & Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Production & Operations Management - Essay Example Causes of Quality Problem on Greasex Line There are a lot of internal factors that contributes to the quality problems on Greasex line. This includes: (a) inefficient personnel – the operator that fills the equipment lacks working experience in running the machinery equipment, presence of the operator within the site, and lack of real-time report; (b) the automated filling equipment is not exclusively designed for Greasex line purposes and has no regular schedule for maintenance; (c) purchaser(s) do not have knowledge on the quality of spare parts needed for the equipment; and (d) lack of testing on the effects of contoured can on the speed of filling or filling hydrodynamics from a high-pressured filling head. Steps Hank should follow for Continuous Improvement Hank should implement a regular real-time reporting from operator(s) of Greasex line to ensure that necessary actions will be provided to cut down on ‘down-time’ errors and regular maintenance for machine. Ensure that effective training on handling the machinery should be provided by the company. Encourage purchaser to deal with operators carefully regarding the specs of materials needed. Take time to do laboratory tests on impact of contoured cans on speed of filling machine, etc). Compute for opportunity loss of using incompatible automated filling equipment for Greasex line.

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Organizational Theory Design and Change - Essay Example Creativity deals with ideas going beyond the boundaries of technology, social norms, knowledge and beliefs. When these three elements combine in an organization, then creative destruction takes place in which old companies which use old conventional methods are thrown out of the competitive market and business and new industries emerge as a result. When an organization follows such strategies that encourage the entrepreneurs to utilize their creativity in developing new products or in improving the efficiency of the older ones, then they come up with new innovative ideas and hence new product with increased efficiency is introduced in the market which better address the needs of the clientele. This not only boosts the organization’s integrity but also add to its stability. Thus, these three elements are interrelated with each other and are considered to be vital for knowledge-creating organizations because such organizations needs innovation at all levels put forward by the cr eative entrepreneurs. This increases the entrepreneurs’ expertise, and guarantees the organization’s growth and increased productivity that eventually attracts clientele, results in better product outcomes, and creates good reputation in the market. Works Cited Jones, G. Organizational Theory Design and Change. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.

Sample Speech To Persuade Essay Example for Free

Sample Speech To Persuade Essay I. Body The problem that we are facing is the deadly intersection of H Street an Laurel Avenue. This intersection is dangerous to us all because it has no stop light. According to a summary of Lompoc City Police reports filed within the last 14 months, there have been 19 collisions at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Of these, 19 collisions, 11 were attributed to the failure of East/West Laurel Avenue traffic to stop at H Street. The remaining 8 accidents were attributed to motorist traveling North and South on H Street, striking cars in the rear that had just turned on to H street from Laurel Avenue. An analysis of Lompoc traffic accidents was prepared by Mr. J. T. Brown of the California Department of Motor Vehicles Mishap Investigation Division, and published February 22nd,1996. In this analysis, the underlying cause of these specific 19 traffic accidents was listed as the lack of adequate traffic control at the intersection of H Street and Laurel Avenue. The analysis further went on to site the installation of a traffic signal as the recommended solution. I have copies of both the Summary of Lompoc City Police reports and Mr. Browns analysis If you would care to review them for yourself later. Well, now that weve examined the nature of the threat we are facing lets take a look at what has been done so far t defend against this threat. II. Debate by city officials and increased patrols by law enforcement have not solved the problem. The Lompoc City Council has debated installing a traffic signal. During the last two City Council meetings held in January and February of this year, the council acknowledged the need for a traffic signal but concluded that the cost of $127,000.00 would take away from funds needed for other city projects. Police increased patrol of this dangerous area from October to December of 1996. 6 of the 19 accidents occurred during this three month period. Police can not be permanently assigned to observe one intersection. Manning just wont permit that. According to Patrolman Danny Glover, a Lompoc City Policeman who was involved in the additional patrol of the H Street and Laurel Avenue intersection area (and I quote) While Police were present and visible, people were normally more careful, but when no police were present it was business as usual. So weve taken a look at what has been done so far, now lets look at what we can do to further protect ourselves. III. In order to protect ourselves and those we love, we can drive defensively, but most importantly, we must demand a traffic light be installed without further delay. Driving defensively is always a good idea. Just being aware of a dangerous situation will naturally make us more alert. The more attentive we are anywhere, but particularly at this dangerous intersection, the more apt we are to avoid an accident. but driving defensively is just not enough. We must have that traffic signal and we must have it NOW!!! When we get this traffic signal installed we will all be safer. Tragedies will be prevented. The city council must hear our voices. Remember, 27 people have already been seriously injured and 4 have died at this intersection. $127,000.00 may be a lot of money but can we afford not to spend it on a traffic signal for the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street? How long will it be before you and I are one of those accident victims? How often do you use this Intersection? Will you use this intersection tonight when you leave class? We cant wait any longer !!!!! If we do not act now and demand the installation of this traffic signal then we will be contributing to the injuries and deaths and pain to surviving families because of our lack of action. We must act now!! The next City Council meeting will be held April 12th, next Thursday at 7:00 p.m.. The agenda includes comments and a call to vote on this traffic signal issue. The more of us who attend that council meeting and support immediate installation of a traffic signal, the better the chance we will have of getting it. Ladies and Gentlemen, attend that meeting with me and with me, demand this traffic signal be installed immediately!!! Conclusion 1. Summary: Well, tonight we took a look at the nature of a serious problem we are all facing. The Intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street is a disaster waiting to happen to you and me and those we love. Remember the two separate documents which point to the lack of a traffic signal at this dangerous intersection as a prime contributing factor in the accidents which occurred there. Remember the 27 injured and 4 who were killed there, not one block from where we are right now. Then we discussed what has been done so far by both city officials and law enforcement to deal with this problem. We saw that the City Council has been debating installing a traffic signal. We saw that the Police Department tried increased patrol of the area. But remember the words of Patrolman Glover, when he said that as soon as police were not immediately present it was business as usual. And finally, We looked at what we can do to further protect ourselves from the threat posed by the serious problem of no traffic signal at the corner of H Street and Laurel Avenue. Remember, driving defensively is always a good idea. But most importantly, we saw that the immediate installation of a traffic signal is our best defense against this threat and we need to let our City Council know that we cant wait any longer. 2. Purpose Statement: So, ladies and gentlemen, now you have the information that can literally save your life. And so the time for action is here. I urge you to go to the City Council meeting with me next Thursday at 7:00 p.m. and demand a traffic signal be installed at the intersection of Laurel Avenue and H Street immediately!!! 3. Closure: If you need a ride to the meeting or if you have any questions, see me after class. Ill be happy to talk with you.

The Types Of E Commerce

The Types Of E Commerce Emergence of internet over the past few years has changed the trends of business world at exponential rate. Now world has become a Global Village which means what used to be a single physical market place located in one geographical area has now become a border-less marketplace, attracting customers and businesses from all over the world. It provides businesses with many advantages for instance setting up an online business is less costly since it doesnt require physical infrastructure for a shop, a business can operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year, these long working hours helps businesses generating more profits. It also offers businesses to try new product lines and marketing strategies in cost effective way. The biggest advantage of online business is that even small businesses can compete with international corporations since consumers cannot figure out the actual size of firm. E-commerce can be defined in different ways: E-commerce refers to various online commercial activities focusing on commodity exchanges by electronic means, internet in particular. Zheng Qin (2009) , Introduction to e commerce, Page 7 E-COMMERCE refers to the paperless exchange of business information using electronic data interchange, electronic mail, electronic bulletin boards, electronic funds transfer, world wide web, and other network-based technologies. E-COMMERCE, The Cutting Edge of Business , Second Edition (2005) by Kamlesh K Bajaj and Debjani Nag E-COMMERCE is the use of telecommunications and computers to facilitate the trade of goods and services E-commerce by S. Pankaj (2005) page 3 Types of E-commerce There are Four Main Types Of E-commerce Model: 1) Business to Business (B2B) B2B can be define as commerce transactions between businesses, such as transactions between a wholesaler and retailer. 2) Business to Consumer (B2C) As discussed in class lecture, B2C refers to a commerce transaction between business and individual rather then a company or Businesses selling to the general public for example Dell computer which sells directly to general public through website. 3) Consumer to Business( C2B) C2B is a reverse form of business to consumer, in C2B the commerce transaction take place between consumer and business, for instance Elance.com, which allow individuals to place their requirements on a website within hours companies review the project and make bids on a project then consumer review the bids and select the company with most suitable bid. 4) Consumer to Consumer (C2C) C2C is simply a commerce transaction between consumer to consumer, manay auctions webistes allow consumers to interact with other consumers to buy and sell all sort of items for example Ebay.com, Amazon.com. Above mentioned types of E-commerce clearly shows that electronic commerce is becoming the back bone of transactions at every level for both businesses and consumers. The impact of this emerging trend has changed the fundamentals of supply chain management by redefining the way in which consumers select, purchase and use products and services. E-commerce has also provided companies with opportunity to work more closer to customers what we call consumers intimacy which allow companies to shape their innovation process with changing demand of consumers. Classifications of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce: As described by Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker(2010) With the business to consumer model, businesses sell goods or services to individual consumers. The B2C model was one of the first major types of e-commerce business models to be defined and implemented using the Web. Some example of B2C businesses include Amazon.com, Walmart.com, Overstock.com, and BestBuy.com. There are two main types of B2C E-Commerce: 1) Direct Sellers Direct Sellers are those companies which provide products or services directly to consumers. The important factors that contribute towards the success of B2C e-commerce are Direct Selling experience and consumers database. There is a limit to amount of information that can be communicated through catalogs but internet offers a powerful medium by which direct sellers can provide consumers with thousands of products with detailed description and high-quality visuals. Example: Dell Computers 2) Online Intermediaries Online intermediaries are companies that facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers and receive a percentage of the transactions value. For examples Internet Service Providers( ISP). Supply Chain Management An electronic alternative to the traditional paper chain, providing companies with a smarter, faster, more efficient way to get the right product to the right customer at the right time and price. Combines the power of the Internet with the latest technology, enabling participating suppliers to access up-to-date company information and enabling companies to better manage and track supply and demand http://www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON AIRLINE INDUSTRY: The blessings of Internet have been observed the most by Airline Industry and as a result of it Airline ticket sales now comprise of the largest portion of all product sales made online. This is because e-ticketing is beneficial for both the airlines as well as the travelers. Traditionally the only options available to a passenger were either to buy tickets from a travel agency or from airport. But now with the advent of Internet, airlines have used tool like e-distribution system. An airlines costs can be divided into following two parts: Direct Operating Costs- which includes aircraft, its fuel and salaries of the staff Indirect Operating Costs- which is the distribution cost. The direct operating cost will remain more or less fixed while there is room for saving on indirect cost. This is where e-commerce can play an important role by integrating all business units and efficiently managing logistics. The major components of indirect cost for airline industry includes Sales office, Reservation system ,Travel agent fees,Ticketing fees Promotion and advertisements. Previously, airlines payed commissions to travel agents for selling their tickets, in addition money was also spent on setting up of sales office and staff salaries. Extra capital was used for printing and issuing of tickets. To cut down the operating cost airlines had to turn to e-ticketing to limit their sales offices and reduce their dependency on sales agents. Every airline has now setup their own website offering online booking facility. This also allow Airlines to promote different marketing strategies through web site which gives them more chance to attract new customers. Through the use of e-commerce and development of websites airlines has integrated all the parties involve in a business process for instance tourism business industry can link up with airline website using the integrated information system so that they can get the real time data through share database about the customers booking for their hotel along with the airline tickets. Online sells has also extended the business hours for airlines since customers can do online bookings round the clock and thus throughout the year. While passengers have the luxury of scheduling their own flight in a matter of few clicks saving both time and money. Conclusion: E-commerce has revolutionized the business models. Trading online enables businesses to reach much wider audience while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods. It also provide businesses with long working hours and minimum human capital. E-commerce allows businesses to better understand and meet the demands of customers, working more closely with them by managing databases, resulting in better supply chain management activities and efficient logistics. E-commerce has also changed the way customers learn , select, purchase and use products and services, providing them with more personalized experience ever and by cutting the middle man out businesses have provide consumers with fast processing and close interaction with company.